Check SMART available and enabled:

# smartctl --health --info /dev/sda
...
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

Test duration:

# smartctl --capabilities /dev/sda
...
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 313) minutes.

Short test:

# smartctl --test short /dev/sda
*sleep 2 minutes*
# smartctl --log selftest /dev/sda

Exemple results:

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      3224         -

Long test:

# smartctl --test long /dev/sda
*sleep 313 minutes*
# smartctl --log selftest /dev/sda

Pour Windows:

CHKDSK F: /f /r

/f fixes any structural issues with the file system and directory, correcting inconsistencies between the two
/r searches for and fixes corrupted parts of the hard drive (while also running chkdsk /f). Sometimes it can’t fix the unusable or damaged sectors that it finds.

FSCK

fsck -fvn /dev/sdX # dry run
fsck -fvy /dev/sdX # apply

Bon, pour les printfs en C:

#include <inttypes.h>

#define PRIu8 "hu"
#define PRId8 "hd"
#define PRIx8 "hx"
#define PRIu16 "hu"
#define PRId16 "hd"
#define PRIx16 "hx"
#define PRIu32 "u"
#define PRId32 "d"
#define PRIx32 "x" // x -> number in hexadecimal
#define PRIu64 "llu" // or possibly "lu"
#define PRId64 "lld" // or possibly "ld"
#define PRIx64 "llx" // or possibly "lx"

Finalement, pourquoi on ne mets pas toujours PRIxxx, ça serait plus explicite ...